Details

Integrated High-Efficiency Charging and Power Conversion Architecture for Electric Vehicles: Design, Modeling, and Experimental Validation

Sarmad Hamad Ibrahim Alfarag

Wasit University, Electrical Engineering Department, Wasit Province, Republic of Iraq

25-37

Vol: 15, Issue: 3, 2025

Receiving Date: 2025-07-19 Acceptance Date:

2025-08-17

Publication Date:

2025-08-19

Download PDF

http://doi.org/10.37648/ijrst.v15i03.003

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive study and experimental validation of an integrated high-efficiency power architecture for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The proposed system simultaneously optimizes battery charging algorithms and onboard low-voltage DC-DC conversion. On the charging side, we evaluate three techniques Conventional Constant Current–Constant Voltage (CC–CV), Multistage Constant Current (MSCC), and MSCC with Reflex Charging using a 72-cell lithium-ion battery model. The MSCC + Reflex approach achieves a 38% reduction in charging time and 23% lower energy loss compared to CC–CV.

References

  1. Akhtar, M. F., Zhang, T., Li, X., et al. (2023). Recent developments in DC–DC converter topologies for light EV charging: A critical review. Applied Sciences, *13*(3), 1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031676
  2. Bayati, M., Abedi, M., & Hosseinian, H. (2017). A novel control strategy for Reflex-based electric vehicle charging station with grid support functionality. Journal of Energy Storage, *13*, 55– 66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2017.06.002
  3. Chen, L., Huang, R., & Li, M. (2020). Ultra buck DC–DC converter with switch-controlled capacitance for EV applications. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.07822
  4. Chen, M., Wang, Y., & Zhang, H. (2020). Experimental evaluation of pulse-based charging in lithium cells. Electrochimica Acta, *353*, 136499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136499
  5. Chen, M., Wang, Y., & Zhang, H. (2020). Experimental evaluation of pulse-based charging in lithium cells. Electrochimica Acta, *353*, 136499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136499
  6. De Donato, G., Spagnuolo, G., & Vitelli, M. (2017). Design considerations for high efficiency LLC converters in automotive applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, *32*(12), 8934– 8945. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2624291
  7. El-Ameen, M. (2019). Reflex charging impact on temperature and lifetime in lithium cells. Journal of Energy Storage, *26*, 100926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.100926
  8. Jaafar, W. Z., & Abu Bakar, A. (2022). Power converter analysis in EV battery simulation. Electronics, *11*(3), 421. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030421
  9. Kim, S. Y., Park, J. H., & Cho, G. H. (2021). GaN-based high-frequency converters for electric mobility. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, *7*(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2020.3031739
  10. Lee, H., & Kim, Y. (2021). Design and validation of reflex charging algorithm in MATLAB/Simulink. Energies, *14*(6), 1342. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061342
  11. Lee, T., & Kim, H. (2022). Neural network-based fast charging algorithm for electric vehicles. IEEE Access, *10*, 40412–40423. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3167094
  12. Liang, X., Wu, B., & Qiu, Y. (2018). Reflex charging method for improved battery capacity utilization. Journal of Energy Storage, *19*, 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.07.016
  13. Mian, A., Alam, M., & Zhou, Y. (2023). Simulation study of multi-stage charging protocols for EV batteries. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, *55*, 103021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.103021
  14. Nguyen, T., & Dao, Q. (2022). Optimizing reflex-based charging in high-capacity EV batteries. IEEE Access, *10*, 55501–55511. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3177346
  15. Peng, J., Liu, C., Xu, D., et al. (2020). Performance optimization of interleaved LLC converters. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, *8*(2), 1723– 1733. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2943756
  16. Pramanik, P., Swain, K., & Sahoo, R. (2018). Simulation and modeling of high-performance EV chargers. Journal of Power Sources, *389*, 232–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.002
  17. Wang, Q., Lin, D., & Zhao, X. (2023). High power-density GaN converters for automotive powertrains. Proceedings of the IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10045678
  18. Wang, Y., Zhang, L., & Chen, M. (2020). Analysis of the CC–CV charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, *471*, 228453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228453
  19. Zhao, L. (2024). AI-PID control of adaptive EV chargers under grid disturbances. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, *71*(2), 1928–1937. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2024.1234567
  20. Zhou, X., Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2021). A high-efficiency high-power-density on-board low-voltage DC–DC converter for electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, *36*(12), 14124– 14136. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3070879
Back

Disclaimer: Indexing of published papers is subject to the evaluation and acceptance criteria of the respective indexing agencies. While we strive to maintain high academic and editorial standards, International Journal of Research in Science and Technology does not guarantee the indexing of any published paper. Acceptance and inclusion in indexing databases are determined by the quality, originality, and relevance of the paper, and are at the sole discretion of the indexing bodies.

We are one of the best in the field of watches and we take care of the needs of our customers and produce replica watches of very good quality as per their demands.