Dr. K. Venkata Krishna
Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Government Degree College for Women (A), Nalgonda, Telangana, India
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http://doi.org/10.37648/ijrst.v10i04.010
Gas chromatography separates compounds that evaporate easily from plant materials. These compounds form the main part of essential oils and include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and their oxygenated forms. This paper explains how the technique works for different plant parts. It describes sample preparation methods such as hydrodistillation and solvent extraction. It lists common column types and temperature programs. Examples from mint, basil, eucalyptus, citrus, and ginger show how the method identifies major compounds. The approach helps check oil quality, track seasonal changes, and link chemical profiles to biological activity. Matching the isolation step and the column to the sample produces clear, useful results.
Keywords: gas chromatography; GC-MS; essential oils; terpenoids; plant extracts; sample preparation; retention index
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